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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 281, Issue 9, 6079-6086, March 3, 2006

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Processivity of Chimeric Class V Myosins^*

From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405

Unconventional myosin V takes many 36-nm steps along an actin filament before it dissociates, thus ensuring its ability to move cargo intracellularly over long distances. In the present study we assessed the structural features that affect processive run length by analyzing the properties of chimeras of mouse myosin V and a non-processive class V myosin from yeast (Myo4p) (Reck-Peterson, S. L., Tyska, M. J., Novick, P. J., and Mooseker, M. S. (2001) J. Cell Biol. 153, 1121-1126). Surprisingly a chimera containing the yeast motor domain on the neck and rod of mouse myosin V (Y-MD) showed longer run lengths than mouse wild type at low salt. Run lengths of mouse myosin V showed little salt dependence, whereas those of Y-MD decreased steeply with ionic strength, similar to a chimera containing yeast loop 2 in the mouse myosin V backbone. Loop 2 binds to acidic patches on actin in the weak binding states of the cycle (Volkmann, N., Liu, H., Hazelwood, L., Krementsova, E. B., Lowey, S., Trybus, K. M., and Hanein, D. (2005) Mol. Cell 19, 595-605). Constructs containing yeast loop 2, which has no net charge compared with +6 for wild type, showed a higher K_m for actin in steady-state ATPase assays. The results imply that a positively charged loop 2 and a high affinity for actin are important to maintain processivity near physiologic ionic strength.

Received for publication, September 13, 2005 , and in revised form, December 5, 2005.

^* This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants HL38113 and AR47906 (to K. M. T.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ These authors contributed equally to this work.

² To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, 149 Beaumont Ave., Burlington, VT 05405. Tel.: 802-656-8750; Fax: 802-656-0747; E-mail: kathleen.trybus{at}uvm.edu.

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