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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 282, Issue 2, 947-955, January 12, 2007

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A Cadmium-transporting P_1B-type ATPase in Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae^*

From the Redox Biology Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0664

Detoxification and homeostatic acquisition of metal ions are vital for all living organisms. We have identified PCA1 in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an overexpression suppressor of copper toxicity. PCA1 possesses signatures of a P_1B-type heavy metal-transporting ATPase that is widely distributed from bacteria to humans. Copper resistance conferred by PCA1 is not dependent on catalytic activity, but it appears that a cysteine-rich region located in the N terminus sequesters copper. Unexpectedly, when compared with two independent natural isolates and an industrial S. cerevisiae strain, the PCA1 allele of the common laboratory strains we have examined possesses a missense mutation in a predicted ATP-binding residue conserved in P_1B-type ATPases. Consistent with a previous report that identifies an equivalent mutation in a copper-transporting P_1B-type ATPase of a Wilson disease patient, the PCA1 allele found in laboratory yeast strains is nonfunctional. Overexpression or deletion of the functional allele in yeast demonstrates that PCA1 is a cadmium efflux pump. Cadmium as well as copper and silver, but not other metals examined, dramatically increase PCA1 protein expression through post-transcriptional regulation and promote subcellular localization to the plasma membrane. Our study has revealed a novel metal detoxification mechanism in yeast mediated by a P_1B-type ATPase that is unique in structure, substrate specificity, and mode of regulation.

Received for publication, October 10, 2006 , and in revised form, November 9, 2006.

^* This work was supported by Project 3 (to J. L.), National Institutes of Health Grant P20 RR-17675, and by funds provided through Hatch Act in the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, N210 Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664. Tel.: 402-472-2658; E-mail: jlee7{at}unlnotes.unl.edu.

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