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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.R700009200 on March 29, 2007

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 282, Issue 21, 15319-15323, May 25, 2007
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Toll-like Receptors and Type I Interferons*

Satoshi Uematsu{ddagger} and Shizuo Akira{ddagger}§1

From the {ddagger}Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University and §ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871, Japan

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key molecules of the innate immune systems, which detect conserved structures found in a broad range of pathogens and trigger innate immune responses. A subset of TLRs recognizes viral components and induces antiviral responses. Whereas TLR4 recognizes viral components at the cell surface, TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 recognize viral nucleic acids on endosomal membrane. After ligand recognition, these members activate their intrinsic signaling pathways and induce type I interferon. In this review, we discuss the recent findings of the viral recognition by TLRs and their signaling pathways.


* This minireview will be reprinted in the 2007 Minireview Compendium, which will be available in January, 2008. This is the second article of three in the Innate Immunity Minireview Series.

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 81-6-6879-8303; Fax: 81-6-6879-8305; E-mail: sakira{at}biken.osaka-u.ac.jp.


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