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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 282, Issue 23, 16792-16802, June 8, 2007

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Identification of a Dominant Negative Functional Domain on DAPK-1 That Degrades DAPK-1 Protein and Stimulates TNFR-1-mediated Apoptosis^*

From the University of Edinburgh, CRUK p53 Signal Transduction Group, South Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, Scotland, United Kingdom

DAPK-1 is a stress-activated tumor suppressor protein that plays a role in both proapoptotic or antiapoptotic signal transduction pathways. To define mechanisms of DAPK-1 protein regulation, we have determined that DAPK-1 protein has a long half-life, and therefore its activity is primarily regulated at the protein level. Changes in DAPK-1 protein levels occur by a cathepsin B-dependent pathway, prompting us to evaluate whether cathepsin B plays positive or negative role in DAPK-1 function. The transfection of p55-TNFR-1 induced complex formation between DAPK-1 and cathepsin B. Depletion of cathepsin B protein using small interfering RNA stimulated TNFR-1 dependent apoptosis. The minimal binding region on DAPK-1 for cathepsin B was mapped to amino acids 836–947. The transfection of the DAPK-1-(836–947) miniprotein acted in a dominant negative manner inducing endogenous DAPK-1 protein degradation in a TNFR-1-dependent manner. These data suggest that DAPK-1 forms a multiprotein survival complex with cathepsin B countering the rate of TNFR-1-dependent apoptosis and highlights the importance of developing DAPK-1 inhibitors as agents to sensitize cells to stress-induced apoptosis.

Received for publication, December 18, 2006 , and in revised form, January 29, 2007.

^* This work was supported by a Programme Grant from Cancer Research UK. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addresses. E-mail: ted.hupp{at}ed.ac.uk.

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