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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 282, Issue 23, 17101-17113, June 8, 2007

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Rhizobium etli CE3 Bacteroid Lipopolysaccharides Are Structurally Similar but Not Identical to Those Produced by Cultured CE3 Bacteria^*

Wim D'Haeze¹, Christine Leoff, Glenn Freshour, K. Dale Noel, and Russell W. Carlson²

From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 and the Department of Biology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233

Rhizobium etli CE3 bacteroids were isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris root nodules. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the bacteroids was purified and compared with the LPS from laboratory-cultured R. etli CE3 and from cultures grown in the presence of anthocyanin. Comparisons were made of the O-chain polysaccharide, the core oligosaccharide, and the lipid A. Although LPS from CE3 bacteria and bacteroids are structurally similar, it was found that bacteroid LPS had specific modifications to both the O-chain polysaccharide and lipid A portions of their LPS. Cultures grown with anthocyanin contained modifications only to the O-chain polysaccharide. The changes to the O-chain polysaccharide consisted of the addition of a single methyl group to the 2-position of a fucosyl residue in one of the five O-chain trisaccharide repeat units. This same change occurred for bacteria grown in the presence of anthocyanin. This methylation change correlated with the inability of bacteroid LPS and LPS from anthocyanin-containing cultures to bind the monoclonal antibody JIM28. The core oligosaccharide region of bacteroid LPS and from anthocyanin-grown cultures was identical to that of LPS from normal laboratory-cultured CE3. The lipid A from bacteroids consisted exclusively of a tetraacylated species compared with the presence of both tetra- and pentaacylated lipid A from laboratory cultures. Growth in the presence of anthocyanin did not affect the lipid A structure. Purified bacteroids that could resume growth were also found to be more sensitive to the cationic peptides, poly-L-lysine, polymyxin-B, and melittin.

Received for publication, December 20, 2006 , and in revised form, April 9, 2007.

^* This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant GM39583 (to R. W. C.), Department of Energy Grant DE-FG02-98ER20307 (to K. D. N.), and a long term postdoctoral fellowship from the European Molecular Biology Organization (to W. D.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ Present address: The Scripps Research Institute, Dept. of Chemistry, BCC265, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037.

² To whom correspondence should be addressed: Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, the University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd., Athens, GA 30602. Tel.: 706-542-4439; Fax: 706-542-4412; E-mail: rcarlson{at}ccrc.uga.edu.

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