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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 282, Issue 28, 20065-20069, July 13, 2007

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Minireview

The Interferon Regulatory Factor Family in Host Defense: Mechanism of Action^*

From the Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892

Transcription factors of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family commands the entire type I interferon (IFN) system from induction of IFNs to diverse IFN responses, thereby providing a principal basis for host resistance against pathogens. However, the family has various additional roles. Regulating the development of the immune system, IRFs shape the establishment and execution of innate and adaptive immunity. IRFs also regulate growth and differentiation of many cell types, thus playing a role in leukemia and other cancers. In addition, evidence indicates that IRFs confer antiviral mechanisms not directly ascribed to the IFN system. This review deals with the diverse roles of IRFs in host defense and discusses the molecular mechanisms by which they regulate target gene transcription.

^* This minireview will be reprinted in the 2007 Minireview Compendium, which will be available in January, 2008. This work was supported by the Intramural Program of the NICHD, National Institutes of Health. This is the fourth of four articles in the Interferon Minireview Series.

The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental Table S1.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ozatok{at}nih.gov.

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