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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 282, Issue 29, 20887-20896, July 20, 2007

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Regulation of Transcript Elongation through Cooperative and Ordered Recruitment of Cofactors^*

From the Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India

We studied the regulation of murine CD80, a gene whose basal transcriptional status was characterized by the presence of a stalled RNA polymerase II complex on the promoter-proximal region. Stimulus-induced activation of productive elongation involved a complex interplay of regulated events that included a synergy between ordered cofactor recruitment. This cascade of recruitments was initiated through the engagement of transcription factor NF-B, leading to the temporal association of histone acetyltransferases and the consequent selective acetylation of a transcription start site downstream nucleosome. This in turn culminated into the nucleosomal association of Brd4-associated P-TEFb, a protein complex containing kinase specific for serine 2 of Rbp 1, the largest subunit of the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. The consequent phosphorylation of serine 2 residues in CTD by CDK9 in the P-TEFb complex then facilitated escape of polymerase II into the productive elongation phase. Thus, the cooperative mechanisms that integrate between independent pathways characterize regulation of the elongation step of transcription, thereby providing another level at which specificity of gene regulation can be achieved.

Received for publication, February 16, 2007 , and in revised form, May 23, 2007.

^* The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental Figs. S1 and S2 and Table S1.

¹ Recipients of a research fellowship from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.

² To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 91-11-26176680; Fax: 91-11-26715114; E-mail: kanury{at}icgeb.res.in.

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