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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 282, Issue 4, 2163-2173, January 26, 2007

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The VP16 Activation Domain Establishes an Active Mediator Lacking CDK8 in Vivo^*

From the Gene Expression, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Marchionini-Strasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany

VP16 has been widely used to unravel the mechanisms underlying gene transcription. Much of the previous work has been conducted in reconstituted in vitro systems. Here we study the formation of transcription complexes at stable reporters under the control of an inducible Tet-VP16 activator in living cells. In this simplified model for gene activation VP16 recruits the general factors and the cofactors Mediator, GCN5, CBP, and PC4, within minutes to the promoter region. Activation is accompanied by only minor changes in histone acetylation and H3K4 methylation but induces a marked promoter-specific increase in H3K79 methylation. Mediated through contacts with VP16 several subunits of the cleavage and polyadenylation factor (CPSF/CstF) are concentrated at the promoter region. We provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that VP16 activates transcription through a specific MED25-associated Mediator, which is deficient in CDK8.

Received for publication, September 1, 2006 , and in revised form, November 1, 2006.

^* This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grants SFB/TR5 and SFB646), the STREP program of the European Union (Grant HPRN-CT-2002-00261), and the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung programs (Grants 0313030A and 0313427) (to M. M.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement"in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental Figs. S1 and S2.

¹ Both authors contributed equally to this work.

² To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 49-89-709-9202; Fax: 49-89-709-9537; E-mail: Meisterernst{at}gsf.de.

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