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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 282, Issue 41, 29847-29854, October 12, 2007

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Differential Regulation of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) by the p53 Family

p73-DEPENDENT INDUCTION OF VDR UPON DNA DAMAGE^*

Ramakrishna Kommagani, Vandana Payal, and Madhavi P. Kadakia¹

From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Center for Genomics Research, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435

p63 and p73, members of the p53 family, have been shown to be functionally distinct from p53. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a ligand (vitamin D₃)-dependent transcription factor, which is shown to play a major role in calcium homeostasis and keratinocyte differentiation. Vitamin D and its analogues in combination with DNA-damaging agents are extensively used for cancer chemotherapy. In this report, we examined whether p53 affects p63-mediated induction of VDR and studied the effect of DNA damage on VDR induction in p53 null cell lines. Our results demonstrate that p53 itself does not induce VDR expression, nor does it affect p63-mediated VDR induction in the cell lines tested in this study. Furthermore, we observed p53-independent activation of VDR upon DNA damage and associated the induction of VDR to p73. We have demonstrated that ectopic expression of various p73 isoforms can induce VDR expression. Inhibition of p73 in cells treated with DNA-damaging agents exhibited decreased VDR expression. Finally, we show that upon DNA damage, induction of VDR sensitizes the cells to vitamin D treatment. In conclusion, our results indicate that VDR is regulated by p63 and p73 and that the induction of VDR expression upon DNA damage is p73-dependent.

Received for publication, May 2, 2007 , and in revised form, July 24, 2007.

^* This work was supported by NCI, National Institutes of Health, Grant CA118315-2 (to M. K.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, 3640 Col. Glenn Hwy., Dayton, OH 45435. E-mail: madhavi.kadakia{at}wright.edu.

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