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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 282, Issue 43, 31437-31443, October 26, 2007

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A Pathway Separate from the Central Channel through the Nuclear Pore Complex for Inorganic Ions and Small Macromolecules^*

From the Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch Strasse 27b, D-48149 Münster, Germany

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are supramolecular nanomachines that mediate the exchange of macromolecules and inorganic ions between the nucleus and the cytosol. Although there is no doubt that large cargo is transported through the centrally located channel, the route of ions and small molecules remains debatable. We thus tested the hypothesis that there are two separate pathways by imaging NPCs using atomic force microscopy, NPC electrical conductivity measurements, and macromolecule permeability assays. Our data indicate a spatial separation between the active transport of macromolecules through the central channel and the passive transport of ions and small macromolecules through the pore periphery.

Received for publication, May 4, 2007 , and in revised form, July 13, 2007.

^* This work was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Grants SFB 629 and OB 63/16-1 (Graduate School "Molecular Basis of Dynamic Cellular Processes"). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental Fig. 1 and Movies 1–3.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 49-251-83-55565; Fax: 49-251-83-55331; E-mail: kramercom{at}gmail.com.

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