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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 282, Issue 50, 36214-36222, December 14, 2007
NHERF1 Regulates Parathyroid Hormone Receptor Membrane Retention without Affecting Recycling*From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 Na/H exchange regulatory factor-1 (NHERF1) is a PDZ protein that regulates trafficking of several G protein-coupled receptors. The phenotype of NHERF1-null mice suggests that the parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor (PTH1R) is the principal GPCR interacting with NHERF1. The effect of NHERF1 on receptor recycling is unknown. Here, we characterized NHERF1 effects on PTH1R membrane tethering and recycling by radio-ligand binding and recovery after maximal receptor endocytosis. Using Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the PTH1R, where NHERF1 expression could be induced by tetracycline, NHERF1 inhibited PTH1R endocytosis and delayed PTH1R recycling. NHERF1 also inhibited PTH-induced receptor internalization in MC4 osteoblast cells. Reducing constitutive NHERF1 levels in HEK-293 cells with short hairpin RNA directed against NHERF1 augmented PTH1R endocytosis in response to PTH. Mutagenesis of the PDZ-binding domains or deletion of the MERM domain of NHERF1 demonstrated that both are required for inhibition of endocytosis and recycling. Likewise, an intact COOH-terminal PDZ recognition motif in PTH1R is needed. The effect of NHERF1 on receptor internalization and recycling was not associated with altered receptor expression or binding, activation, or phosphorylation but involved β-arrestin and dynamin. We conclude that NHERF1 inhibits endocytosis without affecting PTH1R recycling in MC4 and PTH1R-expressing HEK-293 cells. Such an effect may protect against PTH resistance or PTH1R down-regulation in certain cells harboring NHERF1.
Received for publication, August 29, 2007 , and in revised form, September 19, 2007. * This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants DK-54171 and DK-69998 (to P. A. F.) and an internal grant from the Office of the Senior Vice Chancellor for the Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh (to G. G. R.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, E-1347 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15261. Tel.: 412-383-7783; Fax: 412-648-1945; E-mail: paf10{at}pitt.edu.
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