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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 282, Issue 50, 36626-36633, December 14, 2007

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The Crystal Structure of D7r4, a Salivary Biogenic Amine-binding Protein from the Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae^*

From the Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852

The D7-related (D7r) proteins of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae have been shown to bind the biogenic amines serotonin, norepinephrine, and histamine with high affinity. One member of the group (D7r1 or hamadarin) has also been shown to have an anticoagulant/antikinin activity. To understand the mechanistic details of its antihemostatic/anti-inflammatory effects, we have determined the crystal structure of one member of this group, D7r4, along with the structures of ligand complexes with serotonin, tryptamine, histamine, and norepinephrine. The D7 fold consists of an arrangement of eight -helices stabilized by three disulfide bonds. The structure is similar to those of the arthropod odorant-binding proteins, a relationship that had been predicted based on sequence comparisons. Although odorant-binding proteins commonly have six -helices, D7r4 has eight, resulting in significantly different positioning and structure of the ligand binding pocket. The pocket itself is lined by hydrophobic side chains along with polar and charged groups oriented to form hydrogen bonds with the aliphatic amino group and with groups on the aromatic portions of the ligands. These structures, along with accompanying mutagenesis studies, have allowed us to identify critical residues for biogenic amine binding and to predict which members of the large D7 protein family found in blood-feeding nematocerous Diptera will function as biogenic amine-binding proteins.

Received for publication, August 2, 2007 , and in revised form, September 24, 2007.

The atomic coordinates and structure factors (code 2QEV, 2QEH, 2PQL, 2QEO, 2QEB) have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank, Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (http://www.rcsb.org/).

^* This work was supported by the intramural research program of the NIAID, National Institutes of Health. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed: NIAID Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institutes of Health, Rm. 2E32B, Twinbrook 3 Bldg., 12735 Twinbrook Pkwy., Rockville, MD 20852. Tel.: 301-402-5871; Fax: 301-402-2201; E-mail: jandersen{at}niaid.nih.gov.

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