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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 282, Issue 52, 37875-37884, December 28, 2007

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A Novel Secondary Acyl Chain in the Lipopolysaccharide of Bordetella pertussis Required for Efficient Infection of Human Macrophages^*

Jeroen Geurtsen, Eline Angevaare, Marlieke Janssen, Hendrik-Jan Hamstra, Jan ten Hove, Alex de Haan, Betsy Kuipers, Jan Tommassen, and Peter van der Ley¹

From the Department of Molecular Microbiology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH and the Netherlands Vaccine Institute, P. O. Box 457, Bilthoven 3720 AL, The Netherlands

Lipopolysaccharide is one of the major constituents of the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane and is a potent stimulator of the host innate immune response. The biosynthesis of the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide is a complex process in which multiple gene products are involved. Two late lipid A acyl transferases, LpxL and LpxM, were first identified in Escherichia coli and shown to be responsible for the addition of secondary acyl chains to the 2' and 3' positions of lipid A, respectively. Here, we describe the identification of two lpxL homologues in the genome of Bordetella pertussis. We show that one of them, LpxL2, is responsible for the addition of the secondary myristate group that is normally present at the 2' position of B. pertussis lipid A, whereas the other one, LpxL1, mediates the addition of a previously unrecognized secondary 2-hydroxy laurate at the 2 position. Increased expression of lpxL1 results in the appearance of a hexa-acylated lipopolysaccharide form with strongly increased endotoxic activity. In addition, we show that an lpxL1-deficient mutant of B. pertussis displays a defect in the infection of human macrophages.

Received for publication, August 2, 2007 , and in revised form, October 22, 2007.

^* The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 31-30-274-2533; Fax: 31-30-274-4429; E-mail: peter.van.der.ley{at}nvi-vaccin.nl.

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