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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 282, Issue 6, 3433-3441, February 9, 2007

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Selectin Ligand Expression Regulates the Initial Vascular Interactions of Colon Carcinoma Cells

THE ROLES OF CD44V AND ALTERNATIVE SIALOFUCOSYLATED SELECTIN LIGANDS^*

Susan L. Napier, Zachary R. Healy, Ronald L. Schnaar, and Konstantinos Konstantopoulos¹

From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 and the Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205

Selectin-mediated binding of tumor cells to platelets, leukocytes, and vascular endothelium may regulate their hematogenous spread in the microvasculature. We recently reported that CD44 variant isoforms (CD44v) on LS174T colon carcinoma cells possess selectin binding activity. Here we extended those findings by showing that T84 and Colo205 colon carcinoma cells bind selectins via sialidase-sensitive O-linked glycans presented on CD44v, independent of heparan and chondroitin sulfate. To assess the functional role of CD44v in selectin-mediated binding, we quantified the adhesion to selectins of T84 cell subpopulations sorted based on their CD44 expression levels and stable LS174T cell lines generated using CD44 short hairpin RNA. High versus low CD44-expressing T84 cells tethered more efficiently to P- and L-selectin, but not E-selectin, and rolled more slowly on P- and E-selectin. Knocking down CD44 expression on LS174T cells inhibited binding to P-selectin and increased rolling velocities over P- and L-selectin relative to control-transfected cells, without affecting tethering and rolling on E-selectin, however. Blot rolling analysis revealed the presence of alternative sialylated glycoproteins with molecular masses of 170 and 130 kDa, which can mediate selectin binding in CD44-knockdown cells. Heparin diminishes the avidity of colon carcinoma cells for P- and L-selectin, which may compromise integrin-mediated firm adhesion to host cells and mitigate metastasis. Our finding that CD44v is a functional P-selectin ligand on colon carcinoma provides a novel perspective on the enhanced metastatic potential associated with tumor CD44v overexpression and the role of selectins in metastasis.

Received for publication, July 31, 2006 , and in revised form, November 13, 2006.

^* This work was supported by NCI Grant RO1 CA101135 from the National Institutes of Health and National Science Foundation graduate research fellowships (to S. L. N. and Z. R. H.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains Table 1S and Figs. 1S and 2S, showing the effect of enzymatic and metabolic inhibitor treatments on CD44 and HECA-452 geometric mean fluorescence of the CD44v-coated microspheres as well as their adhesion to E-, L-, and P-selectin in flow chamber studies.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218. Tel.: 410-516-6290; Fax: 410-516-5510; E-mail: kkonsta1{at}jhu.edu.

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