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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 282, Issue 7, 4233-4237, February 16, 2007

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Minireview

Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase: "the Timezyme"^*

From the Section on Neuroendocrinology, Office of Scientific Director, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892

Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase controls daily changes in melatonin production by the pineal gland and thereby plays a unique role in biological timing in vertebrates. Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase is also expressed in the retina, where it may play other roles in addition to signaling, including neurotransmission and detoxification. Large changes in activity reflect cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate-dependent phosphorylation of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, leading to formation of a regulatory complex with 14-3-3 proteins. This activates the enzyme and prevents proteosomal proteolysis. The conserved features of regulatory systems that control arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase are a circadian clock and environmental lighting.

^* This minireview will be reprinted in the 2007 Minireview Compendium, which will be available in January, 2008. This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NICHD, National Institutes of Health.

The online version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental Figs. 1–4 and supplemental movie 1.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 301-496-6915; Fax: 301-480-5570; E-mail: kleind{at}mail.nih.gov.

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