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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 282, Issue 8, 5201-5206, February 23, 2007

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Human Xylosyltransferase II Is Involved in the Biosynthesis of the Uniform Tetrasaccharide Linkage Region in Chondroitin Sulfate and Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans^*

Claudia Pönighaus, Michael Ambrosius, Javier Carrera Casanova, Christian Prante, Joachim Kuhn, Jeffrey D. Esko, Knut Kleesiek, and Christian Götting¹

From the Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093

Human xylosyltransferase I (XT-I) initiates the biosynthesis of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) linkage tetrasaccharide in proteoglycans. Xylosyltransferase II (XT-II) is a protein homologous to XT-I but with hitherto unknown activity or physiological function. Here, we report the enzymatic activity of XT-II and provide evidence that XT-II initiates the biosynthesis of both heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate GAGs. Transfection of the xylosyltransferase-deficient Chinese hamster ovary mutant pgsA-745 with XT-I or XT-II coding cDNA completely restored GAG biosynthesis. GAG disaccharide analysis revealed that XT-I- and XT-II-transfected pgsA-745 cells produced similar amounts of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate. Furthermore, a high xylosyltransferase activity was measured after transfection with cDNAs encoding either isozyme. Analysis of the enzyme activity revealed that XT-II catalyzes the transfer of xylose to similar peptide acceptors as XT-I but with different efficiency. The optimal XT-II acceptor was observed using a bikunin-related peptide (K_m 5.2 µM). Analysis of XT-I and XT-II mRNA expression in murine tissues showed a differential expression pattern for both enzymes. In particular, XT-II is highly expressed in liver tissue, where XT-I transcripts were not detected. This is the first report on the enzyme activity of XT-II and its involvement in chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate biosynthesis.

Received for publication, November 17, 2006

^* The work was supported by the Stiftung für Pathobiochemie und Molekulare Diagnostik of the Deutsche Vereinte Gesellschaft für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin and by the Fakultät für Chemie of the Universität Bielefeld and National Institutes of Health grant GM33063 (to J. D. E.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental text and references.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany. Tel.: 49-5731-97-2033; Fax: 49-5731-97-2013; E-mail: cgoetting{at}hdz-nrw.de.

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