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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 282, Issue 9, 6887-6898, March 2, 2007

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Identification of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Binding Motifs of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases (TIMP)-3 and Effective Transfer to TIMP-1^*

From the Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are the endogenous inhibitors of the zinc-dependent endopeptidases of the matrix metalloproteinase families. There are four mammalian TIMPs (TIMP-1 to -4) but only TIMP-3 is sequestered to the extracellular matrix (ECM). The molecular basis for the TIMP-3:ECM association has never been fully investigated until now. In this report, we identify the unique amino acid configuration that constitutes the basis of the ECM binding motif in TIMP-3. By systematically exchanging the subdomains of the TIMPs and exhaustive mutation of TIMP-3, we have identified the surface residues directly responsible for ECM association. Contrary to the accepted view, we have found that TIMP-3 interacts with the ECM via both its N- and C-terminal domains. The amino acids involved in ECM binding are all basic in nature: Lys-26, Lys-27, Lys-30, Lys-76 of the N-terminal domain and Arg-163, Lys-165 of the C-terminal domain. Replacement of these residues with glutamate (E) and glutamine (Q) (K26/27/30/76E + R163/K165Q) resulted in a soluble TIMP-3 devoid of ECM-adhering ability. Using the ECM binding motif derived from TIMP-3, we have also created a TIMP-1 mutant (K26/27/30 + K76 transplant) capable of ECM association. This is the first instance of TIMPs being intentionally rendered soluble or ECM-bound. The ability to prepare TIMPs in soluble or ECM-bound forms also opens new avenues for future TIMP research.

Received for publication, November 10, 2006 , and in revised form, December 19, 2006.

^* This work was funded by Cancer Research UK (CR-UK) and the Medical Research Council, United Kingdom. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Oncology, Cambridge University, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom. Tel.: 44-1223-404470; E-mail: gm290{at}cam.ac.uk.

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