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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 283, Issue 15, 10079-10088, April 11, 2008

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Regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CKI1-encoded Choline Kinase by Zinc Depletion^*

From the Department of Food Science and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the CKI1-encoded choline kinase catalyzes the committed step in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine via the CDP-choline branch of the Kennedy pathway. Analysis of a P_CKI1-lacZ reporter gene revealed that CKI1 expression was regulated by intracellular levels of the essential mineral zinc. Zinc depletion resulted in a concentration-dependent induction of CKI1 expression. This regulation was mediated by the zinc-sensing and zinc-inducible transcriptional activator Zap1p. A purified Zap1p probe interacted with two putative UAS_ZRE sequences (ZRE1 and ZRE2) in the CKI1 promoter. Mutations of ZRE1 and ZRE2 to a nonconsensus UAS_ZRE attenuated the induction of CKI1 expression in response to zinc depletion. A UAS_INO element in the CKI1 promoter was responsible for stimulating CKI1 expression, but this element was not involved with the regulation by zinc depletion. The induction of CKI1 expression in zinc-depleted cells translated into increased choline kinase activity in vitro and in vivo, and an increase in phosphatidylcholine synthesis via the Kennedy pathway.

Received for publication, January 18, 2008 , and in revised form, February 4, 2008.

^* This work was supported in part by United States Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health Grants GM-28140 (to G. M. C.) and GM-75378 (to A. S.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901. Tel.: 732-932-9611 (ext. 217); E-mail: carman{at}aesop.rutgers.edu.

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