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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 283, Issue 15, 9945-9956, April 11, 2008

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Fission Yeast MAP Kinase Sty1 Is Recruited to Stress-induced Genes^*

Wolfgang Reiter, Stephen Watt, Keren Dawson, Clare L. Lawrence, Jürg Bähler, Nic Jones¹, and Caroline R. M. Wilkinson²

From the Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX and the Cancer Research UK Fission Yeast Functional Genomics Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, United Kingdom

The stress-induced expression of many fission yeast genes is dependent upon the Sty1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Atf1 transcription factor. Atf1 is phosphorylated by Sty1 yet this phosphorylation is not required for stress-induced gene expression, suggesting another mechanism exists whereby Sty1 activates transcription. Here we show that Sty1 associates with Atf1-dependent genes and is recruited to both their promoters and coding regions. This occurs in response to various stress conditions coincident with the kinetics of the activation of Sty1. Association with promoters is not a consequence of increased nuclear accumulation of Sty1 nor does it require the phosphorylation of Atf1. However, recruitment is completely abolished in a mutant lacking Sty1 kinase activity. Both Atf1 and its binding partner Pcr1 are required for association of Sty1 with Atf1-dependent promoters, suggesting that this heterodimer must be intact for optimal recruitment of the MAPK. However, many Atf1-dependent genes are still expressed in a pcr1 mutant but with significantly delayed kinetics, thus providing an explanation for the relatively mild stress sensitivity displayed by pcr1. Consistent with this delay, Sty1 and Atf1 cannot be detected at these promoters in this condition, suggesting that their association with chromatin is weak or transient in the absence of Pcr1.

Received for publication, December 21, 2007 , and in revised form, February 4, 2008.

^* This work was supported by Cancer Research UK and European Union funding (to W. R.) via "Adaptation to Changing Nutritional Environments" (ACE) project Grant HPRN-CT-2002-00249. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: njones{at}picr.man.ac.uk. ² To whom correspondence may be addressed. Tel.: 44-0-161-446-3156; Fax: 44-0-161-446-3109; E-mail: cwilkinson{at}picr.man.ac.uk.

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