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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 283, Issue 24, 16400-16407, June 13, 2008

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Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Jasmonate Synthesis and Accumulation in Arabidopsis in Response to Wounding^*

Gaetan Glauser, Elia Grata, Lucie Dubugnon^¶, Serge Rudaz, Edward E. Farmer^¶1, and Jean-Luc Wolfender

From the Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 30, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 20, Bd d'Ivoy, CH-1211 Geneva 4, and ^¶Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

A new metabolite profiling approach combined with an ultrarapid sample preparation procedure was used to study the temporal and spatial dynamics of the wound-induced accumulation of jasmonic acid (JA) and its oxygenated derivatives in Arabidopsis thaliana. In addition to well known jasmonates, including hydroxyjasmonates (HOJAs), jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile), and its 12-hydroxy derivative (12-HOJA-Ile), a new wound-induced dicarboxyjasmonate, 12-carboxyjasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (12-HOOCJA-Ile) was discovered. HOJAs and 12-HOOCJA-Ile were enriched in the midveins of wounded leaves, strongly differentiating them from the other jasmonate metabolites studied. The polarity of these oxylipins at physiological pH correlated with their appearance in midveins. When the time points of accumulation of different jasmonates were determined, JA levels were found to increase within 2–5 min of wounding. Remarkably, these changes occurred throughout the plant and were not restricted to wounded leaves. The speed of the stimulus leading to JA accumulation in leaves distal to a wound is at least 3 cm/min. The data give new insights into the spatial and temporal accumulation of jasmonates and have implications in the understanding of long-distance wound signaling in plants.

Received for publication, March 5, 2008 , and in revised form, April 8, 2008.

^* This work was supported in part by Swiss National Science Foundation Grants 205320-116274/1 (to J.-L. W. and S. R.) and 3100A0-101711/1 (to E. E. F). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 41-21-692-4228; Fax: 41-21-692-4195; E-mail: edward.farmer{at}unil.ch.

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