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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 283, Issue 3, 1391-1400, January 18, 2008

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c-Src Is Required for Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase C (TrkC)-induced Activation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)-AKT Pathway^*

Wook Jin, Chohee Yun, Joon Jeong^¶, Yangho Park^||, Hy-De Lee^¶, and Seong-Jin Kim¹

From the Laboratory of Cell Regulation and Carcinogenesis, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon 406-840, Korea, the Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, The Ireland Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, the ^¶Yongdong Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Kangnam, Seoul 135-720, Korea, and the ^||BRM Institute, Kangnam, Seoul 135-822, Korea

TrkC mediates many aspects of growth and development in the central nervous system. TrkC is expressed in a variety of non-neuronal tissues as well as human cancers. TrkC overexpression may drive tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastatic capability in cancer cells. However, relatively little is known about whether TrkC activity is also essential to maintain the malignant properties in human tumors. TrkC expression leads to the constitutive activation of two major effector pathways, namely the Ras-MAP kinase (MAPK) mitogenic pathway and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway mediating cell survival. However, it remains unclear how TrkC activates Ras-Erk1/2 and/or PI3K-Akt cascades. Here we define some aspects of the molecular mechanisms regulating TrkC-dependent Ras-Erk1/2 and PI3K/Akt activation. We show that endogenous TrkC associated with c-Src in human and mouse cancer cells which express TrkC. TrkC-c-Src complexes were also detected in primary human breast cancer tissues. Suppression of c-Src by RNA interference in highly metastatic 4T1 mammary cancer cells, which express endogenous TrkC, resulted in markedly decreased expression of cyclin D1 and suppression of activation of Ras-Erk1/2 and PI3K-Akt. Moreover, inhibition of c-Src expression almost completely blocks colony formation of 4T1 cells in soft agar. Furthermore, in c-Src-deficient SYF cells, TrkC failed to activate the PI3K-Atk pathway, but not the Ras-Erk1/2 pathway. Therefore these data indicate that TrkC induces the PI3K-Akt cascade through the activation of c-Src.

Received for publication, June 19, 2007 , and in revised form, November 7, 2007.

^* The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental Figs. S1 and S2.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jasonsjkim{at}gachon.ac.kr or seong-jin.kim{at}case.edu.

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