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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 283, Issue 33, 22795-22805, August 15, 2008

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Interaction of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)-related Mutant Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dismutase with the Dynein-Dynactin Complex Contributes to Inclusion Formation^*

Anna-Lena Ström, Ping Shi, Fujian Zhang^¶, Jozsef Gal, Renee Kilty, Lawrence J. Hayward^||, and Haining Zhu^¶1

From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate Center for Toxicology, and ^¶Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536 and the ^||Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655

An important consequence of protein misfolding related to neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), is the formation of proteinaceous inclusions or aggregates within the central nervous system. We have previously shown that several familial ALS-linked copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) mutants (A4V, G85R, and G93A) interact and co-localize with the dynein-dynactin complex in cultured cells and affected tissues of ALS mice. In this study, we report that the interaction between mutant SOD1 and the dynein motor plays a critical role in the formation of large inclusions containing mutant SOD1. Disruption of the motor by overexpression of the p50 subunit of dynactin in neuronal and non-neuronal cell cultures abolished the association between aggregation-prone SOD1 mutants and the dynein-dynactin complex. The p50 overexpression also prevented mutant SOD1 inclusion formation and improved the survival of cells expressing A4V SOD1. Furthermore, we observed that two ALS-linked SOD1 mutants, H46R and H48Q, which showed a lower propensity to interact with the dynein motor, also produced less aggregation and fewer large inclusions. Overall, these data suggest that formation of large inclusions depends upon association of the abnormal SOD1s with the dynein motor. Whether the misfolded SOD1s directly perturb axonal transport or impair other functional properties of the dynein motor, this interaction could propagate a toxic effect that ultimately causes motor neuron death in ALS.

Received for publication, January 11, 2008 , and in revised form, May 16, 2008.

^* This work was supported, in whole or in part by National Institutes of Health Grants R01-NS49126 (to H. Z.) and R01-NS44170 (to L. J. H.). This work was also supported by the Muscular Dystrophy Association (to L. J. H.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental Fig. S1.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 741 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536. Tel.: 859-323-3643; E-mail: haining{at}uky.edu.

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