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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 283, Issue 34, 23016-23025, August 22, 2008

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TbRGG2, an Essential RNA Editing Accessory Factor in Two Trypanosoma brucei Life Cycle Stages^*

From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214

In the mitochondria of kinetoplastid protozoa, including Trypanosoma brucei, RNA editing inserts and/or deletes uridines from pre-mRNAs to produce mature, translatable mRNAs. RNA editing is carried out by several related multiprotein complexes known as editosomes, which contain all of the enzymatic components required for catalysis of editing. In addition, noneditosome accessory factors necessary for editing of specific RNAs have also been described. Here, we report the in vitro and in vivo characterization of the mitochondrial TbRGG2 protein (originally termed TbRGGm) and demonstrate that it acts as an editing accessory factor. TbRGG2 is an RNA-binding protein with a preference for poly(U). TbRGG2 protein levels are up-regulated 10-fold in procyclic form T. brucei compared with bloodstream forms. Nevertheless, the protein is essential for growth in both life cycle stages. TbRGG2 associates with RNase-sensitive and RNase-insensitive mitochondrial complexes, and a small fraction of the protein co-immunoprecipitates with editosomes. RNA interference-mediated depletion of TbRGG2 in both procyclic and bloodstream form T. brucei leads to a dramatic decrease in pan-edited RNAs and in some cases a corresponding increase in the pre-edited RNA. TbRGG2 down-regulation also results in moderate stabilization of never-edited and minimally edited RNAs. Thus, our data are consistent with a model in which TbRGG2 is multifunctional, strongly facilitating the editing of pan-edited RNAs and modestly destabilizing minimally edited and never-edited RNAs. This is the first example of an RNA editing accessory factor that functions in the mammalian infective T. brucei life cycle stage.

Received for publication, February 7, 2008 , and in revised form, May 30, 2008.

^* This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grant AI061580 (to L. K. R.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ Supported by American Heart Association Postdoctoral Fellowship 0725813T.

² To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214. Tel.: 716-829-3307; Fax: 716-829-2198; E-mail: lread{at}buffalo.edu.

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