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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 283, Issue 37, 25247-25255, September 12, 2008

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Root-Microbe Communication through Protein Secretion^*

Clelia De-la-Peña¹, Zhentian Lei^¶2, Bonnie S. Watson^¶2, Lloyd W. Sumner^¶2, and Jorge M. Vivanco³

From the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture and Center for Rhizosphere Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 and the ^¶Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401

Biotic interactions in the rhizosphere are biologically important, and although many of those interactions have been well studied, the role of secreted proteins in the cross-talk between microbes and roots has not been investigated. Here, protein secretion was studied during the communication between the roots of two plants (Medicago sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana) and the bacterial symbiont of one of these species (Sinorhizobium meliloti strain Rm1021) and an opportunistic bacterial pathogen of A. thaliana (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000) using a proteomic approach. It was found that protein exudation in the M. sativa-S. meliloti interaction caused an increase in the secretion of seven plant proteins, such as hydrolases, peptidases, and peroxidases among others in two or more time points compared with the plant control. In addition, four proteins, all of bacterial origin, were increased 1.5-fold more in this interaction compared with S. meliloti alone. However, these proteins were not induced when M. sativa was inoculated with P. syringae DC3000. The interaction between A. thaliana and P. syringae DC3000 highly induced the secretion of several plant proteins related to defense soon after initial contact with P. syringae, but these proteins were not secreted in the incompatible interaction with S. meliloti. The results of this study reveal a specific, protein level cross-talk between roots and microbes. These results suggest that secreted proteins may be a critical component in the process of signaling and recognition that occurs between compatible and incompatible interactions.

Received for publication, March 11, 2008 , and in revised form, July 1, 2008.

^* These studies were supported by National Science Foundation Grant MCB0542642 (to J. M. V.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental Tables S1–S4 and Figs. S1–S4.

¹ Supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, México Graduate Scholarship 165181.

² Supported by The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation.

³ To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed: Center for Rhizosphere Biology, Colorado State University, 217 Shepardson Bldg., Fort Collins, CO 80523. Tel.: 970-491-7170; Fax: 970-491-7745; E-mail: j.vivanco{at}colostate.edu.

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