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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 283, Issue 37, 25475-25484, September 12, 2008

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Carbonic Anhydrase in the Scleractinian Coral Stylophora pistillata

CHARACTERIZATION, LOCALIZATION, AND ROLE IN BIOMINERALIZATION^*

Aurélie Moya¹³, Sylvie Tambutté, Anthony Bertucci, Eric Tambutté, Séverine Lotto, Daniela Vullo, Claudiu T. Supuran, Denis Allemand, and Didier Zoccola²

From the Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Avenue Saint-Martin, MC-98000 Principality of Monaco and the Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, Rm. 188, Polo Scientifico, 50019-Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy

Carbonic anhydrases (CA) play an important role in biomineralization from invertebrates to vertebrates. Previous experiments have investigated the role of CA in coral calcification, mainly by pharmacological approaches. This study reports the molecular cloning, sequencing, and immunolocalization of a CA isolated from the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata, named STPCA. Results show that STPCA is a secreted form of -CA, which possesses a CA catalytic function, similar to the secreted human CAVI. We localized this enzyme at the calicoblastic ectoderm level, which is responsible for the precipitation of the skeleton. This localization supports the role of STPCA in the calcification process. In symbiotic scleractinian corals, calcification is stimulated by light, a phenomenon called "light-enhanced calcification" (LEC). The mechanism by which symbiont photosynthesis stimulates calcification is still enigmatic. We tested the hypothesis that coral genes are differentially expressed under light and dark conditions. By real-time PCR, we investigated the differential expression of STPCA to determine its role in the LEC phenomenon. Results show that the STPCA gene is expressed 2-fold more during the dark than the light. We suggest that in the dark, up-regulation of the STPCA gene represents a mechanism to cope with night acidosis.

Received for publication, June 20, 2008 , and in revised form, July 9, 2008.

The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBank^TM/EBI Data Bank with accession number(s) EU159467.

^* This work was supported in part by the Centre Scientifique de Monaco Research Program, which is supported by the Government of the Principality of Monaco. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ Supported by a fellowship from the Centre Scientifique de Monaco.

³ Present address: EA 4228 ECOMERS, Universite de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, BP71 F-06108 Nice Cedex 02, France.

² To whom correspondence should be addressed: Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Ave. Saint-Martin, MC-98000 Monaco. Tel.: 377-97770873; Fax: 377-92167981; E-mail: zoccola{at}centrescientifique.mc.

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