Intramolecular Activation Mechanism of the Dictyostelium LRRK2 Homolog Roco Protein GbpC*
Wouter N. van Egmond,
Arjan Kortholt,
Katarzyna Plak,
Leonard Bosgraaf,
Sylvia Bosgraaf,
Ineke Keizer-Gunnink, and
Peter J. M. van Haastert1
From the
Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
GbpC is a large multidomain protein involved in cGMP-mediated chemotaxis in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. GbpC belongs to the Roco family of proteins that often share a central core region, consisting of leucine-rich repeats, a Ras domain (Roc), a Cor domain, and a MAPKKKinase domain. In addition to this core, GbpC contains a RasGEF domain and two cGMP-binding domains. Here, we report on an intramolecular signaling cascade of GbpC. In vitro, the RasGEF domain of GbpC specifically accelerates the GDP/GTP exchange of the Roc domain. Moreover, cGMP binding to GbpC strongly stimulates the binding of GbpC to GTP-agarose, suggesting cGMP-stimulated GDP/GTP exchange at the Roc domain. The function of the protein in vivo was investigated by rescue analysis of the chemotactic defect of gbpC null cells. Mutants that lack a functional guanine exchange factor (GEF), Roc, or kinase domain are inactive in vivo. Together, the results suggest a four-step intramolecular activation mechanism of the Roco protein GbpC: cGMP binding to the cyclic nucleotide-binding domains, activation of the GEF domain, GDP/GTP exchange of Roc, and activation of the MAPKKK domain.
Received for publication, June 3, 2008
, and in revised form, August 12, 2008.
* The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental Table S1.
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 31-503634172; Fax: 31-503634165; E-mail: P.J.M.van.haastert{at}rug.nl.

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Copyright © 2008 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.