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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 283, Issue 50, 35003-35009, December 12, 2008

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Novel Bifunctional Natriuretic Peptides as Potential Therapeutics^*

Deborah M. Dickey, John C. Burnett, Jr.^¶, and Lincoln R. Potter^||1

From the Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics and ^||Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, the Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, and the ^¶Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905

Synthetic atrial natriuretic peptide (carperitide) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP; nesiritide) are used to treat congestive heart failure. However, despite beneficial cardiac unloading properties, reductions in renal perfusion pressures limit their clinical effectiveness. Recently, CD-NP, a chimeric peptide composed of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) fused to the C-terminal tail of Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide (DNP), was shown to be more glomerular filtration rate-enhancing than BNP in dogs. However, the molecular basis for the increased responsiveness was not determined. Here, we show that the DNP tail has a striking effect on CNP, converting it from a non-agonist to a partial agonist of natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-A while maintaining the ability to activate NPR-B. This effect is specific for human receptors because CD-NP was only a slightly better activator of rat NPR-A due to the promiscuous nature of CNP in this species. Interesting, the DNP tail alone had no effect on any NPR even though it is effective in vivo. To further increase the potency of CD-NP for NPR-A, we converted two different triplet sequences within the CNP ring to their corresponding residues in BNP. Both variants demonstrated increased affinity and full agonist activity for NPR-A, whereas one was as potent as any NPR-A activator known. In contrast to a previous report, we found that DNP binds the natriuretic peptide clearance receptor (NPR-C). However, none of the chimeric peptides bound NPR-C with significantly higher affinity than endogenous ligands. We suggest that bifunctional chimeric peptides represent a new generation of natriuretic peptide therapeutics.

Received for publication, June 13, 2008 , and in revised form, October 10, 2008.

^* This work was supported by a Minnesota-Mayo Partnership grant (to L. R. P. and J. C. B.) from Medica. CD-NP has been licensed by the Mayo Clinic to Nile Therapeutics, and J. C. B. is Chair of its Scientific Advisory Board. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: potter{at}umn.edu.

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