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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print October 24, 2000
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M005292200
Submitted on June 19, 2000
Revised on October 23, 2000
Accepted on October 24, 2000
Cellular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA 92121
Corresponding Author: maureruli{at}gmx.de
The Wilms' tumor gene (wt1) encodes a transcription factor involved in urogenital development, in particular in renal differentiation, and in hematopoietic differentiation. Differentiation of a number of solid tumor and leukemic cells lines can be mediated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. This is predominantly mediated by the nuclear receptor for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the vitamin D receptor (VDR). In initial experiments adressing a possible link between WT1 and VDR, we observed a correlated expression of WT1 and VDR mRNA in samples from renal tissues. HT29 colon carcinoma cells, stably transfected to express WT1, exhibited elevated endogenous VDR levels compared to control cells transfected with a control construct. Elevated VDR expression was found in wt1-transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells as well. In transient cotransfection experiments, we observed an activation of a vdr promoter reporter by WT1 through a WT1 recognition element, indicating transcriptional regulation of the vdr gene expression by WT1. The responsive sequence element was specifically bound by wild-type, but not by mutated WT1 in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. HT29 colon carcinoma cells, which respond to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 with slow induction of growth arrest, were investigated for the influence of WT1 on 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-mediated growth suppression. While HT29 cells transfected with a control construct responded moderately to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the response of HT29 cells expressing WT1 was strikingly enhanced. Stimulation with dihydroxy-vitamin D3 caused an up to 3-fold reduction in the growth rate of different HT29 clones expressing WT1 as compared to control cells lacking WT1 expression. Thus, induction of VDR by WT1 leads to an enhanced response to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. We conclude that the vitamin D receptor gene is a target for transcriptional activation by WT1, suggesting a possible physiological role of this regulatory pathway.
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