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M005930200v1
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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print January 24, 2001
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M005930200
Submitted on July 6, 2000
Revised on January 23, 2001
Accepted on January 23, 2001

Orphan receptor promiscuity in the induction of cytochromes P450 by xenobiotics

Despina Smirlis, Roongsiri Muangmoonchai, Mina Edwards, Ian R. Phillips, and Elizabeth A. Shephard

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT

Corresponding Author: e.shephard{at}ucl.ac.uk

The mechanisms by which different classes of chemicals induce the same cytochrome P450 (CYP) or the same chemical differentially induces more than one CYP are not well understood. We show that in primary hepatocytes and in vivo in liver (transfected by particle-mediated delivery) two orphan nuclear receptors, constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR1), transactivate a CYP gene via the same response element in a xenobiotic-specific manner. CAR mediates barbiturate activation of expression of CYP2B1 and CYP3A1. PXR1 activates both genes in response to synthetic steroids. To exert their effect the receptors bind to the same direct repeat (DR) 4 site within the phenobarbital response element (PBRE) of the CYP2B1 promoter and to the same DR3 site in the pregnane X response element (PXRE) of CYP3A1. The receptors are therefore promiscuous with respect to DNA-binding but not ligand-binding. Differences in enhancer half-site spacing may influence the efficiency of interactions between the receptor and the transcription machinery and hence form the basis for the differential induction of CYP2B1 and CYP3A1 in response to barbiturates and synthetic steroids.


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