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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print November 27, 2000
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M007687200
Submitted on August 23, 2000
Revised on November 6, 2000
Accepted on November 25, 2000

An insertion sequence prepares Pseudomonas putida S12 for severe solvent stress

Jan Wery, Budi Hidayat, Jasper Kieboom, and Jan A. M. de Bont

Industrial Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700EV

Corresponding Author: jan.wery{at}imb.ftns.wau.nl

The novel insertion sequence ISS12 plays a key role in tolerance of Pseudomonas putida S12 to sudden toluene stress. Under normal culturing conditions the P. putida S12 genome contained 7 copies of ISS12. But a P. putida S12 population growing to high cell density after sudden addition of a separate phase of toluene carried 8 copies. The survival frequency of cells in this variant P. putida S12 population was 1000 times higher than in "normal" P. putida S12 populations. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence flanking the extra ISS12 insertion revealed integration into the srpS gene. SrpS forms a gene cluster with srpR and both are putative regulators of the solvent resistance pump SrpABC. SrpABC makes a major contribution to solvent-tolerance in P. putida S12 and is induced by toluene. The basal level of srp promoter activity in the P. putida S12 variant was 7 times higher than in wild-type P. putida S12. Introduction of the intact srpRS gene cluster in the variant resulted in a dramatic decrease of survival frequency after a toluene shock. These findings strongly suggest that interruption of srpS by ISS12 up-regulates expression of the solvent pump, enabling the bacterium to tolerate sudden exposure to lethal concentrations of toxic solvents. We propose that P. putida S12 employs ISS12 as a mutator element to generate diverse mutations in order to swiftly adapt when confronted with severe adverse conditions.


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