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A more recent version of this article appeared on August 31, 2001
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M011553200v1
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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print June 4, 2001
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M011553200
Submitted on December 21, 2000
Revised on June 4, 2001
Accepted on June 4, 2001

Extracellular glycosaminoglycans modify cellular Trafficking of lipoplexes and polyplexes

Marika Ruponen, Seppo Rönkkö, Paavo Honkakoski, Jukka Pelkonen, Markku Tammi, and Arto Urtti

Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Kuopio, Kuopio 70211 Kuopio

Corresponding Author: Marika.Ruponen{at}uku.fi

Summary It has been shown that extracellular glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) limit the gene transfer by cationic lipids and polymers. The purpose of this study was to clarify how interactions with anionic GAGs (hyaluronic acid and heparan sulfate) modify the cellular uptake and distribution of lipoplexes and polyplexes. Experiments on cellular DNA uptake and GFP reporter gene expression showed that decreased gene expression can rarely be explained by lower cellular uptake. In most cases, the cellular uptake is not changed by GAG binding to the lipoplexes or polyplexes. Reporter gene expression is decreased or blocked by heparan sulfate, but increased by hyaluronic acid. This suggests that intracellular factors are involved. Confocal microscopy experiments demonstrated that extracellular heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid are taken into cells both with free and DNA-associated carriers. We conclude that extracellular GAGs may alter both the cellular uptake and the intracellular behavior of the DNA complexes.


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