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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print March 23, 2001
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M100464200
Submitted on January 17, 2001
Revised on March 20, 2001
Accepted on March 23, 2001

Characterization of the Escherichia coli sigma E Regulon

Claire Dartigalongue, Dominique Missiakas, and Satish Raina

Microbiology Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095

Corresponding Author: missiaka{at}microbio.ucla.edu

Escherichia coli responds to the accumulation of misfolded proteins by inducing the transcription of heat shock genes. Esigma E RNA polymerase controls one of the two heat shock regulons of E. coli. This regulon is activated upon accumulation of misfolded polypeptides in the double membrane envelope of E. coli. sigma E (RpoE) is a member of the extracytoplasmic function subfamily of sigma factors. Here we asked how many genes are activated by Esigma E RNA polymerase and what is the identity of these genes. Using two independent genetic approaches, twenty E. coli promoters were identified that activate reporter gene transcription in a sigma E-dependent manner. In all cases examined, a canonical sigma E binding site could be revealed upon mapping transcriptional start sites. Ten identified promoters activated the transcription of previously identified genes with four genes acting directly on the folding of E. coli envelope proteins (dsbC, fkpA, skp, surA). The remaining promoters transcribed genes that are presumed to encode hitherto unknown extracytoplasmic functions and were named ecf (ecfA-ecfM). Two of these ecf genes were found to be essential for Escherichia coli growth.


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