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A more recent version of this article appeared on November 2, 2001
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M102344200v1
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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print August 31, 2001
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M102344200
Submitted on March 15, 2001
Revised on August 30, 2001
Accepted on August 31, 2001

Human glutathione transferase P1-1 and nitric oxide carriers: A new role for an old enzyme

Mario Lo Bello, Marzia Nuccetelli, Anna M. Caccuri, Lorenzo Stella, Michael W. Parker, Jamie Rossjohn, William J. McKinstry, Alessia F. Mozzi, Giorgio Federici, Francesca Polizio, Jens Z. Pedersen, and Giorgio Ricci

Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133

Corresponding Author: lobello{at}uniroma2.it

S-Nitrosoglutathione and the dinitrosyl-diglutathionyl iron complex are involved in the storage and transport of NO in biological systems. Their interactions with the human glutathione transferase P1-1 may reveal an additional physiological role for this enzyme. In the absence of GSH, GSNO causes rapid and stable S-nitrosylation of both Cys 47 and Cys 101 residues. Ionspray ionization-mass spectrometry ruled out the possibility of S-glutathionylation and confirms the occurrence of a poly-S-nitrosylation in GST P1-1. S-nitrosylation of Cys 47 lowers the affinity tenfold for GSH, but this negative effect is minimized by half-site reactivity mechanism which protects one Cys 47 per dimer from nitrosylation. Thus, glutathione transferase P1-1, retaining most of its original activity, may act as a NO-carrier protein when GSH depletion occurs in the cell. The dinitrosyl-diglutathionyl iron complex, which is formed by GSNO decomposition in the presence of physiological concentrations of GSH and traces of ferrous ions, binds with extraordinary affinity to one active site of this dimeric enzyme (Ki < 10-12 M) and triggers negative cooperativity in the vacant subunit (Ki = 10-9 M). The complex bound to the enzyme is stable for hours while, in the free form and at low concentrations, its life time is only a few minutes. ESR and molecular modelling studies provide a reasonable explanation of this strong interaction suggesting that Tyr 7 and enzyme-bound GSH could be involved in the coordination of the iron atom. All the observed findings suggest that glutathione transferase P1-1, by means of an intersubunit communication, may act as a NO carrier under different cellular conditions, whilst maintaining its well known detoxificating activity towards dangerous compounds.


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