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A more recent version of this article appeared on December 7, 2001
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M108719200v1
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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print October 11, 2001
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M108719200
Submitted on September 10, 2001
Revised on October 11, 2001
Accepted on October 11, 2001

PPARgamma ligands inhibit mitogenic induction of p21Cip1 by modulating the PKC pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells

Shu Wakino, Ulrich Kintscher, Zhaowei Liu, Sarah Kim, Fen Yin, Motoi Ohba, Toshio Kuroki, Axel H. Schönthal, Willa A. Hsueh, and Ronald E. Law

Division of Endocrinology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7073

Corresponding Author: rlaw{at}mednet.ucla.edu

The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Cip1 is upregulated in response to mitogenic stimulation in various cells. PPARgamma ligands, troglitazone (TRO 10 mu M) and rosiglitazone (RSG 10 mu M) attenuated the induction of p21Cip1 protein by PDGF and insulin without affecting cognate mRNA levels in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC). The PKCdelta inhibitor rottlerin also blocked the induction of p21Cip1 protein, whereas the conventional PKC isotype inhibitor Gö 6976 had no effect. Kinetic studies using the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide showed that TRO, RSG, and rottlerin shortened the half-life of p21Cip1 protein. TRO, RSG, and rottlerin inhibited PDGF-induced expression of p21Cip1, whereas they did not affect insulin-induced expression of p21Cip1. Both ligands inhibited PKCdelta enzymatic activity in PDGF-stimulated RASMC, but not in insulin-stimulated cells. Adenoviral mediated overexpression of PKCdelta rescued the downregulation of p21Cip1 expression both by TRO and RSG in PDGF-treated RASMC. These data suggested that the PKCdelta pathway plays a critical role in PDGF-induced expression of p21Cip1 in RASMC and may be the potential target for PPARgamma ligand effects. Src-kinase dependent tyrosine-phosphorylation of PKCdelta was substantially decreased by TRO and RSG. Tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of c-Src in response to PDGF was unaffected by either PPARgamma ligand. Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) inhibitors sodium orthovanadate and dephostatin prevented PPARgamma ligand effects on PKCdelta tyrosine phosphrylation and enzymatic activity. Both PTPase inhibitors also reversed PPARgamma ligand effects on p21Cip1 expression in PDGF-treated RASMC. PPARgamma ligands enhanced PTPase activity in RASMC, which may be the mechanism for decreased PKCdelta tyrosine phosphorylation and activity. PPARgamma ligands regulate p21Cip1 at a post-translational level by blocking PKCdelta signaling and accelerating p21Cip1 turnover.


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