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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print October 11, 2001
Division of Endocrinology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7073
Corresponding Author: rlaw{at}mednet.ucla.edu
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Cip1 is upregulated in response to mitogenic stimulation in various cells. PPAR
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M108719200
Submitted on September 10, 2001
Revised on October 11, 2001
Accepted on October 11, 2001
PPAR
ligands inhibit mitogenic induction of p21Cip1 by modulating the PKC pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells
ligands, troglitazone (TRO 10
M) and rosiglitazone (RSG 10
M) attenuated the induction of p21Cip1 protein by PDGF and insulin without affecting cognate mRNA levels in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC). The PKC
inhibitor rottlerin also blocked the induction of p21Cip1 protein, whereas the conventional PKC isotype inhibitor Gö 6976 had no effect. Kinetic studies using the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide showed that TRO, RSG, and rottlerin shortened the half-life of p21Cip1 protein. TRO, RSG, and rottlerin inhibited PDGF-induced expression of p21Cip1, whereas they did not affect insulin-induced expression of p21Cip1. Both ligands inhibited PKC
enzymatic activity in PDGF-stimulated RASMC, but not in insulin-stimulated cells. Adenoviral mediated overexpression of PKC
rescued the downregulation of p21Cip1 expression both by TRO and RSG in PDGF-treated RASMC. These data suggested that the PKC
pathway plays a critical role in PDGF-induced expression of p21Cip1 in RASMC and may be the potential target for PPAR
ligand effects. Src-kinase dependent tyrosine-phosphorylation of PKC
was substantially decreased by TRO and RSG. Tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of c-Src in response to PDGF was unaffected by either PPAR
ligand. Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) inhibitors sodium orthovanadate and dephostatin prevented PPAR
ligand effects on PKC
tyrosine phosphrylation and enzymatic activity. Both PTPase inhibitors also reversed PPAR
ligand effects on p21Cip1 expression in PDGF-treated RASMC. PPAR
ligands enhanced PTPase activity in RASMC, which may be the mechanism for decreased PKC
tyrosine phosphorylation and activity. PPAR
ligands regulate p21Cip1 at a post-translational level by blocking PKC
signaling and accelerating p21Cip1 turnover.
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