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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print January 25, 2002
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M109219200
Submitted on September 24, 2001
Revised on January 25, 2002
Accepted on January 25, 2002
Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1Y2
Corresponding Author: ingrama{at}mcmaster.ca
Chromatin structure is influenced by histone modification, and this may help direct chromatin behaviour to facilitate transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair. Chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation are the classic nuclear features, but remain poorly characterized. It is highly probable that nucleosomal structure must alter to allow these features to become apparent, but data to support this construct is lacking. We report here that in response to apoptotic signals from a death receptor (CD95 and TNF
), or mitochondrial (STS) apoptotic stimulus, the core nucleosomal histones, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 become separated from DNA during apoptosis in Jurkat and Hela cells, and are consequently detectable in the cell lysate prepared using a non-ionic detergent. The timing of this histone release from DNA correlates well with the progression of apoptosis. We also show expression of a caspase cleavage resistant form of ICAD (ICAD-DM) in Jurkat and Hela cells abolished DNA fragmentation and also dramatically reduced histone release in apoptotic cells. However, we demonstrate that apoptotic histone release is not an inevitable consequence of CAD/DFF-40 mediated DNA destruction as DNA fragmentation but not histone release occurs efficiently in TNF and ETOP treated NIH3T3 cells. Furthermore, in an in vitro apoptotic assay, incubation of apoptotic Jurkat cellular extract with non-apoptotic Jurkat nuclei led to nuclear DNA fragmentation without obvious histone release. Taken together, these data demonstrate that CAD/DFF-40 functions indirectly in mediating nucleosomal destruction during apoptosis.
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