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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print March 4, 2002
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908
Corresponding Author: mfs3k{at}virginia.edu
Treatment of macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram negative bacteria or peptidoglycan (PGN) from gram positive bacteria activates multiple intracellular signaling pathways and a large, diverse group of nuclear transcription factors. The signaling receptors for PGN and LPS are now known to be the Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4, respectively. While a large body of literature indicates that the members of the TLR family activate nearly identical cytoplasmic signaling programs, several recent reports have suggested that the functional outcomes of signaling via TLR2 or TLR4 are not equivalent. In the current studies we compared the responses of the sIL-1Ra gene to both LPS and PGN. Both LPS and PGN induced IL-1Ra gene expression, however, the combination of both stimuli synergistically increased sIL-1Ra mRNA expression and promoter activity, suggesting that the signals induced by PGN and LPS are not equivalent. While both LPS and PGN utilized the PU.1-binding sites in the proximal sIL-1Ra promoter region to generate a full response, additional distinct promoter elements were utilized by LPS or PGN. Activation of p38 SAPK was required for LPS or PGN-induced IL-1Ra gene expression but the p38-reponsive promoter elements localized to distinct regions of the sIL-1Ra gene. Additionally, while the LPS-induced, p38-dependent response was dependent upon PU.1 binding, the PGN-induced, p38 response was not. Collectively, these data indicated that while some of the intracellular signaling events by TLR2 and TLR4 agonists are similar, there are clearly distinct differences in the responses elicited by these two bacterial products.
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M111847200
Submitted on December 12, 2001
Revised on March 4, 2002
Accepted on March 4, 2002
TLR2 and TLR4 agonists differentially regulate secretory IL-1 receptor antagonist gene expression in macrophages
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