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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print April 4, 2002
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M202163200
Submitted on March 5, 2002
Revised on April 4, 2002
Accepted on April 4, 2002
Veterinary Pathology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH
Corresponding Author: i.morgan{at}vet.gla.ac.uk
The human papillomavirus (HPV) transcription/replication factor E2 is essential for the life cycle of HPVs. E2 protein binds to DNA target sequences in the viral long control regions (LCR) to regulate transcription of the viral genome. It also enhances viral DNA replication by interacting with the viral replication factor E1 and recruiting it to the origin of replication and may also play a more direct role in replication. The cellular proteins with which E2 interacts to carry out these functions are largely unknown. In order to identify these proteins a yeast two-hybrid screen was carried out with the transcription/replication domain of HPV16 E2. This screen identified several candidate interacting partners for E2 including TopBP1 (Topoisomerase IIb binding protein 1). TopBP1 has eight BRCT (BRCA1 carboxy terminus) domains that are found in proteins regulating the DNA damage response, transcription and replication. Here we demonstrate that HPV16 E2 and TopBP1 interact in vitro and in vivo and that TopBP1 can enhance the ability of E2 to activate transcription and replication. This is the first time that TopBP1 has been shown to function as a transcriptional co-activator and that E2 interacts with TopBP1. Removal of the amino-terminal domain of TopBP1 abolishes co-activation of transcription and replication. This interaction may have functional consequences upon the viral life cycle.
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