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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print December 9, 2002
Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood,, IL 60153
Corresponding Author: gchen1{at}lumc.edu
p38 MAPK pathway signaling is known to participate in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, in a manner dependent on the cellular context. The factors that determine the specific biological response in a given cell-type however remain largely unknown. We report opposite effects of the p38 isoforms on regulation of AP-1dependent activities by p38 activators MKK6 and/or arsenite (ARS) in human breast cancer cells. The p38b isoform increases the activation of AP-1 transcriptional activities by MKK6 and/or ARS, whereas p38g/p38d inhibits or has no effect on the stimulation. The p38b does so by increasing the levels of phosphorylated c-Jun, while the p38g and d isoforms may act by regulating the c-Jun transcription. AP-1 dependent process such as vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene promoter activation and cellular proliferation were similarly activated by the p38b or inhibited by the p38g and/or d isoforms. While the human breast cancer cells express all four isoforms, mouse NIH 3T3 and EMT-6 cells express only some of the p38 family members, with p38b higher in 3T3 cells but p38d only detected in EMT-6 line. Consistent with the positive and negative roles of p38b and p38d in AP-1 regulation, MKK6 stimulates AP-1-dependent transcription in NIH 3T3 but not EMT-6 cells. In support of a role of c-Jun regulation by p38 isoforms in determining AP-1 activity, the levels of endogenous c-Jun and its phosphorylated form on p38 activation are higher in NIH 3T3 cells. These results demonstrate the contrasting activities of the different p38 isoforms in transmitting the upstream signal to AP-1 and show that the expression profile of p38 isoforms determines whether the p38 signal pathway activates or inhibits AP-1-dependent processes.
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M207732200
Submitted on July 31, 2002
Revised on December 9, 2002
Accepted on December 9, 2002
p38 isoforms have opposite effects on AP-1-dependent transcription through regulation of c-Jun: The determinant role of the isoforms in the p38 MAPK signal specificity
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