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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print December 18, 2002
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
Corresponding Author: enrico{at}biochem.wustl.edu
Three-dimensional models of the catalytic domains of Nudel (Ndl), Gastrulation Defective (Gd), Snake (Snk) and Easter (Ea) and their complexes with substrate suggest a possible organization of the enzyme cascade controlling the dorso-ventral fate of the fruit fly embryo. The models predict that Gd activates Snk, which in turn activates Ea. Gd can be activated either autoproteolytically or by Ndl. 3D-models of each enzyme-substrate complex in the cascade rationalize existing mutagenesis data and the associated phenotypes. The models also predict unanticipated features like a Ca2+ binding site in Ea and a Na+ binding site in Ndl and Gd. These binding sites likely play a crucial role in vivo as suggested by mutant enzymes introduced into embryos as mRNAs. Mutations in Gd that eliminate Na+ binding cause an apparent increase in activity, whereas mutations in Ea that abrogate Ca2+ binding result in the complete loss of activity. A mutation in Ea predicted to introduce Na+ binding results in apparently increased activity with ventralization of the embryo, an effect not observed with wild-type Ea mRNA.
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M211820200
Submitted on November 20, 2002
Revised on December 18, 2002
Accepted on December 18, 2002
Three-dimensional models of proteases involved in patterning of the Drosophila embryo: Crucial role of predicted cation binding sites
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