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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print March 5, 2003
Physiology and Biophysics, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854
Corresponding Author: fanhu{at}umdnj.edu
Tumor necrosis factor-
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M300331200
Submitted on January 12, 2003
Revised on March 5, 2003
Accepted on March 4, 2003
Characterization of growth factor-induced serine phosphorylation of tumor necrosis factor-
converting enzyme (TACE) and of an alternatively translated polypeptide
converting enzyme (TACE) is a prototype member of the adamalysin family of transmembrane metalloproteases that effects ectodomain cleavage and release of many transmembrane proteins, including TGF-
. Growth factors that act through tyrosine kinase receptors, as well as other stimuli, induce shedding through activation of the Erk MAP kinase pathway without the need of new protein synthesis. How MAP kinase regulates shedding by TACE is not known. We now report that the cytoplasmic domain of TACE is phosphorylated in response to growth factor stimulation. We also identified a naturally expressed smaller polypeptide corresponding to most of the cytoplasmic domain of TACE. This protein, which we named SPRACT, is derived through alternative translation of the TACE coding sequence, and is, similarly to TACE, phosphorylated in response to growth factor and PMA stimulation. Phosphoamino acid analysis revealed that growth factor-induced phosphorylation of TACE occurs only on serine, and not on threonine or tyrosine. Tryptic mapping experiments coupled with site-directed mutagenesis identified Ser819 as the major target of growth factor-induced phosphorylation, whereas Ser791 undergoes dephosphorylation in response to growth factor stimulation. The phosphorylation of Ser819, but not the dephosphorylation of Ser791, depends on activation of the Erk MAP kinase pathway. Increased SPRACT expression or mutation of the TACE cytoplasmic domain to inactivate growth factor-induced phosphorylation did not detectably affect growth factor-induced shedding of transmembrane TGF-
by TACE. The roles of SPRACT and the cytoplasmic phosphorylation of TACE remain to be defined.
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