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A more recent version of this article appeared on November 14, 2003
Papers In Press, published online ahead of print August 25, 2003
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M301373200
Submitted on February 7, 2003
Revised on August 25, 2003
Accepted on August 25, 2003
Mechanisms of hypoxic gene regulation of angiogenesis factor Cyr61 in melanoma cells
Manfred Kunz, Steffen Moeller, Dirk Koczan, Peter Lorenz, Roland H. Wenger, Michael O. Glocker, Hans-Juergen Thiesen, Gerd Gross, and Saleh M. Ibrahim
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Rostock, Rostock 18055
Corresponding Author: manfred.kunz{at}med.uni-rostock.de
Hypoxia has a profound influence on progression and metastasis of malignant tumors. In the present report, we used the oligonucleotide microarray technique to identify new hypoxia-inducible genes in malignant melanoma with a special emphasis on angiogenesis factors. A commercially available Affymetrixâ gene chip system was used to analyse five melanoma cell lines of different aggressiveness. Hundred and sixty hypoxia-inducible genes were identified clustering in four different functional clusters. In search of putative angiogenesis and tumor progression factors within these clusters, Cyr61, a recently discovered angiogenesis factor, was identified. Cyr61 was hypoxia-inducible in low aggressive melanoma cells, however, showed constitutive high expression in highly aggressive melanoma cells. Further analyses of transcriptional mechanisms underlying Cyr61 gene expression under hypoxia demonstrated that an AP-1 binding motif within the Cyr61 promoter plays a central role in the hypoxic regulation of Cyr61. It could be shown by use of in vitro luciferase assays, EMSA and immunoprecipitation that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1a, interacts with c-Jun/AP-1 and may thereby contribute to Cyr61 transcriptional regulation under hypoxia. Taken together, the presented data show that Cyr61 is a hypoxia-inducible angiogenesis factor in malignant melanoma with tumor stage-dependent expression. This may argue for a hypoxia-induced selection process during tumor progression towards melanoma cells with constitutive high Cyr61 expression.

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