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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print September 30, 2003
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M306606200
Submitted on June 23, 2003
Revised on September 30, 2003
Accepted on September 29, 2003

Separate roles for the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes in the sequestration of drugs in the multi-drug resistant human leukemic cell line HL-60

Yuping Gong, Muralikrishna Duvvuri, and Jeffrey P. Krise

Drug Delivery and Disposition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599

Corresponding Author: krise{at}unc.edu

The sequestration of drugs away from cellular target sites into cytoplasmic organelles of multi-drug resistant (MDR) cancer cells has been recently shown to be a cause for ineffective drug therapy. This process is poorly understood despite the fact that it has been observed in a large number of MDR cancer cell lines. Analysis of drug sequestration in these cells has traditionally been done using fluorescent anthracycline antibiotics (i.e., daunorubicin, doxorubicin). This narrow selection of substrates has resulted in a limited understanding of sequestration mechanisms and the intracellular compartments that are involved. To better characterize this phenotype we chose to examine the sequestration of molecules having different acid/base properties in the MDR HL-60 human leukemic cell line. Here we show that weakly basic drug daunorubicin is sequestered into lysosomes according to a pH partitioning type mechanism whereas sulforhodamime 101, a zwitterionic molecule, is sequestered into the Golgi apparatus through a drug transporter mediated process. Quantitative intracellular pH measurements reveal that the lysosome-to-cytosol pH gradient is expanded in the MDR line. Moreover, the MDR cells over express the multi-drug resistance related protein (MRP1), which is localized to the Golgi apparatus. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that two distinct mechanisms for intracellular compartmentalization are operational in a single MDR cell line.


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