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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print December 15, 2003
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M308954200
Submitted on August 13, 2003
Revised on November 13, 2003
Accepted on December 15, 2003

Site of docking and fusion of insulin secretory granules in live MIN6 b cells analyzed by TAT-conjugated anti-syntaxin 1 antibody and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy

Mica Ohara-Imaizumi, Chiyono Nishiwaki, Toshiteru Kikuta, Konosuke Kumakura, Yoko Nakamichi, and Shinya Nagamatsu

Biochemistry Dept., Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611

Corresponding Author: shinya{at}kyorin-u.ac.jp

To determine the site of insulin exocytosis in the pancreatic b cell plasma membrane, we analyzed the interaction between the docking/fusion of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged insulin granules and syntaxin1 labeled by TAT-conjugated Cy3-labeled antibody (Ab) using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). Monoclonal Ab against syntaxin 1 was labeled with Cy3, then conjugated with the protein transduction domain of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type1 TAT. TAT-conjugated Cy3-labeled anti-syntaxin 1 Ab was rapidly transduced into the subplasmalemmal region in live MIN6 b cells, that enabled us to observe the spatial organization and distribution of endogenous syntaxin1. TIRFM imaging revealed that syntaxin 1 is distributed in numerous separate clusters in the intact plasma membrane, where insulin secretory granules were preferentially docked to the sites of syntaxin 1 clusters, colocalizing with synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) clusters. TIRFM imaging analysis of the motion of single insulin granules demonstrated that the fusion of insulin secretory granules stimulated by 50 mM KCl occurred exclusively at the sites of the syntaxin 1 clusters. Cholesterol depletion by methyl-b-cyclodextrin treatment, in which the syntaxin 1 clusters were disintegrated, decreased the number of docked insulin granules, and, eventually the number of fusion events was significantly reduced. Our results indicate that (1) insulin exocytosis occurs at the site of syntaxin 1 clusters; (2) syntaxin 1 clusters are essential for the docking and fusion of insulin granules in pancreatic b cells; and (3) the sites of syntaxin 1 clusters are distinct from flotillin-1 lipid rafts.


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