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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print February 2, 2004
Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047-3729
Corresponding Author: schoneic{at}ukans.edu, schoneic@ku.edu
GroEL is an E.coli molecular chaperone that functions in vivo to fold newly synthesized polypeptides as well as to bind and refold denatured proteins during stress. This protein is a suitable model for its eukaryotic homolog, heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60), due to the high number of conserved amino acid sequences and similar function. Here, we will provide evidence that GroEL is rather insensitive to oxidants produced endogenously during metabolism, such as nitric oxide (•NO) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), but is efficiently modified and inactivated by reactive species generated by phagocytes, such as peroxynitrite (ONOO) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl). For the exposure of 17.5 microM GroEL to 100-250 microM HOCl, the major pathway of inactivation was through the oxidation of methionine to methionine sulfoxide, established through mass spectrometric detection of methionine sulfoxide and the reactivation of a significant fraction of inactivated GroEL by the enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase B/A (MsrB/A). In addition to the oxidation of methionine, HOCl caused the conversion of cysteine to cysteic acid and this product may account for the remainder of inactivated GroEL not recoverable through MsrB/A. In contrast, HOCl produced only negligible yields of 3-chlorotyrosine. A remarkable finding was the conversion of Met111 and Met114 to Met sulfone, which suggests a rather low reduction potential of these two residues in GroEL. The high sensitivity of GroEL towards HOCl and ONOO suggests that this protein may be a target for bacterial killing by phagocytes.
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M310045200
Submitted on September 10, 2003
Revised on January 30, 2004
Accepted on February 2, 2004
Potential role of methionine sulfoxide in the inactivation of the chaperone GroEL by hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-)
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