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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print March 31, 2004
Pr2 Retroelements, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen D-63207
Corresponding Author: schgr{at}pei.de
The LINE-1 (L1) family of non-LTR retrotransposons is a major force shaping mammalian genomes and its members can alter the genome in many ways. Mutational analyses have shown that coexpression of functional proteins encoded by the two L1-specific open reading frames, ORF1 and ORF2, is an essential prerequisite for the propagation of L1 elements in the genome. However, all efforts to identify ORF2-encoded proteins have failed so far. Here we report the presence of proteins encoded by ORF2 in a subset of cellular components of human male gonads applying a novel antibody. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed coexpression of ORF1 and ORF2 in prespermatogonia of fetal testis, in germ cells of adult testis, and in distinct somatic cell types, such as Leydig, Sertoli, and vascular endothelial cells. Coexpression of both proteins in male germ cells is necessary for the observed genomic expansion of the number of L1 elements. Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis of a ~130-kD polypeptide isolated from cultured human dermal microvascular endothelial cells led to the identification of ORF2-encoded peptides. An isolated ~45-kD polypeptide was shown to derive from non-functional, copies of ORF2 coding regions. The presence of both ORF1- and ORF2-encoded proteins in vascular endothelial cells and its apparent association with certain stages of differentiation and maturation of blood vessels may have functional relevance for vasculogenesis and/or angiogenesis.
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M312985200
Submitted on November 30, 2003
Revised on March 30, 2004
Accepted on March 30, 2004
Cell type-specific expression of LINE-1 ORF1 and ORF2 in fetal and adult human tissues
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