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M407051200v1
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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print July 30, 2004
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M407051200
Submitted on June 23, 2004
Revised on July 28, 2004
Accepted on July 29, 2004

siRNA-mediated down-regulation of caveolin-1 differentially modulates signaling pathways in endothelial cells

Eva Gonzalez, Aaron Nagiel, Alison J. Lin, David E. Golan, and Thomas Michel

Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115

Corresponding Author: tmichel{at}rics.bwh.harvard.edu

Caveolin-1 is a scaffolding/regulatory protein that interacts with diverse signaling molecules in endothelial cells. In order to explore the role of this protein in receptor-modulated signaling pathways, we transfected bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) with small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes to down-regulate caveolin-1 expression. Transfection of BAEC with duplex siRNA targeted against caveolin-1 mRNA selectively “knocked-down” the expression of caveolin-1 by ~90%, as demonstrated by immunoblot analyses of BAEC lysates. We used discontinuous sucrose gradients to purify caveolin-containing lipid rafts from siRNA-treated endothelial cells. Despite the near-total down-regulation of caveolin-1 expression, the lipid raft targeting of diverse signaling proteins — including the endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), Src-family tyrosine kinases, Gaq and the insulin receptor — was unchanged. We explored the consequences of caveolin-1 knockdown on kinase pathways modulated by the agonists sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). siRNA-mediated caveolin-1 knockdown enhanced basal as well as S1P- and VEGF-induced phosphorylation of the protein kinase Akt, and did not modify the basal or agonist-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Caveolin-1 knockdown also significantly enhanced the basal and agonist-induced activity of the small GTPase Rac. We used siRNA to down-regulate Rac expression in BAEC and we observed that Rac knockdown significantly reduced basal, S1P- and VEGF-induced Akt phosphorylation, suggesting a role for Rac activation in the caveolin siRNA-mediated increase in Akt phosphorylation. By using siRNA to knockdown caveolin-1 and Rac expression in cultured endothelial cells, we have found that caveolin-1 does not appear to be required for the targeting of signaling molecules to caveolae/lipid rafts and that caveolin-1 differentially modulates specific kinase pathways in endothelial cells.


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