Structural and dynamic independence of isopeptide-linked RanGAP1 and SUMO-1

doi:10.1074/jbc.M408705200

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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print September 7, 2004
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M408705200
Submitted on July 30, 2004
Revised on August 26, 2004
Accepted on September 7, 2004

Structural and dynamic independence of isopeptide-linked RanGAP1 and SUMO-1

Matthew S. Macauley, Wesley J. Errington, Mark Okon, Manuela Schärpf, Cameron D. Mackereth, Brenda A. Schulman, and Lawrence P. McIntosh

Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3

Corresponding Author: mcintosh{at}otter.biochem.ubc.ca

Although sumoylation regulates a diverse and growing number of recognized biological processes, the molecular mechanisms by which the covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein (Ubl) SUMO can alter the properties of a target protein remain to be established. To address this question, we have used NMR spectroscopy to characterize the complex of mature SUMO-1 with the C-terminal domain of human RanGAP1. Based on amide chemical shift and 15N relaxation measurements, we show that the C-terminus of SUMO-1 and the loop containing the consensus sumoylation site in RanGAP1 are both conformationally flexible. Furthermore, the overall structure and backbone dynamics of each protein remain unchanged upon covalent linkage of Lys524 in RanGAP1 to the C-terminal Gly97 of SUMO-1. Therefore, SUMO-1 and RanGAP1 behave as "beads-on-a-string", connected by a flexible isopeptide tether. Accordingly, the sumoylation-dependent interaction of RanGAP1 with the nucleoporin RanBP2 may arise through the bipartite recognition of both RanGAP1 and SUMO-1, rather than through a new binding surface induced in either individual protein upon their covalent linkage. We hypothesize that this conformational flexibility may be general feature contributing to the recognition of Ubl-modified proteins by their downstream effector machineries.

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