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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print October 12, 2004
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M409243200
Submitted on August 12, 2004
Revised on October 8, 2004
Accepted on October 11, 2004

Cooperation of the N-terminal helicase and C-terminal endonuclease activities of archaeal Hef protein in processing stalled replication fork

Kayoko Komori, Masumi Hidaka, Takashi Horiuchi, Ryosuke Fujikane, Hideo Shinagawa, and Yoshizumi Ishino

Department of Genetic Resources Technology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8581

Corresponding Author: ishino{at}agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp

Blockage of replication fork progression often occurs during DNA replication, and repairing and restarting stalled replication forks are essential events in all organisms for the maintenance of genome integrity. The repair system employs processing enzymes to restore the stalled fork. In archaea, Hef is a well-conserved protein that specifically cleaves nicked, flapped, and fork-structured DNAs. This enzyme contains two distinct domains, which are similar to the DEAH helicase family and XPF nuclease superfamily proteins, respectively. Analyses of truncated mutant proteins consisting of each domain revealed that the C-terminal nuclease domain independently recognized and incised fork-structured DNA. The N-terminal helicase domain also specifically unwound fork-structured DNA and Holliday junction DNA in the presence of ATP. Moreover, the endonuclease activity of the whole Hef protein was clearly stimulated by ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by the N-terminal domain. These enzymatic properties suggest that Hef efficiently resolves stalled replication forks by two steps: branch point transfer to the 5-end of the nascent lagging strand, by the N-terminal helicase, followed by template strand incision for leading strand synthesis, by the C-terminal endonuclease.


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