Polyamine transport by mammalian cells and mitochondria: Role of antizyme and glycosaminoglycans

doi:10.1074/jbc.M505445200

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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print November 1, 2005
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M505445200
Submitted on May 18, 2005
Revised on October 31, 2005
Accepted on November 1, 2005

Polyamine transport by mammalian cells and mitochondria: Role of antizyme and glycosaminoglycans

Kenji Hoshino, Emi Momiyama, Kaori Yoshida, Kazuhiro Nishimura, Shinobu Sakai, Toshihiko Toida, Keiko Kashiwagi, and Kazuei Igarashi

Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-8675

Corresponding Author: iga16077{at}p.chiba-u.ac.jp

The role of antizyme (AZ) and glycosaminoglycans in polyamine uptake by mammalian cells and mitochondria was examined using NIH3T3 and FM3A cells and rat liver mitochondria. AZ is synthesized as two isoforms (29 and 24.5 kDa) due to the existence of two initiation codon AUGs in the AZ mRNA. Most AZ existed as the 24.5 kDa form translatable from the second AUG, but a portion of the 29 kDa AZ from the first AUG was associated with mitochondria because of the presence of a mitochondrial targeting signal between the first and the second methionine. The predominance of the 24.5 kDa isoform was mainly due to the presence of spermidine and a favourable sequence context (Kozak sequence) at the second initiation codon AUG. Spermine uptake by NIH3T3 cells was inhibited by both 29 and 24.5 kDa AZs, but uptake by rat liver mitochondria was not influenced by either form of AZ. Since spermine uptake by mitochondria caused a release of cytochrome c, an enhancer of apoptosis, we looked for inhibitors of mitochondrial spermine uptake other than AZ. It was found that cations such as Na+, K+ and Mg2+ were inhibitors of the mitochondrial uptake. It has been reported that heparan sulfate on glypican-1 plays important roles in spermine uptake by human embryonic lung fibroblasts. Heparin, but not heparan sulfate, slightly inhibited spermine uptake by FM3A cells in the absence of Mg2+ and Ca2+, but had no effect under physiological conditions in the presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+.

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