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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print November 2, 2005
Biochemistry Dept., Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021
Corresponding Author: temcgraw{at}med.cornell.edu
The GLUT4 glucose transporter is predominantly retained inside basal fat and muscle cells, and it is rapidly recruited to the plasma membrane with insulin stimulation. There is controversy regarding the mechanism of basal GLUT4 retention. One model is that GLUT4 retention is dynamic, based on slow exocytosis and rapid internalization of the entire pool of GLUT4 (Mol. Biol. Cell 15:870-882, 2004). In this model insulin increases GLUT4 in the plasma membrane by modulating GLUT4 exocytosis and endocytosis. The second model is that GLUT4 retention is static; with ~90% of GLUT4 stored in compartments that are not in equilibrium with the cell surface in basal conditions (Mol Cell Biol. 24:6456-6466, 2004). In this model insulin increases GLUT4 in the plasma membrane by releasing it from the static storage compartment. Here we show that under all experimental conditions examined, basal GLUT4 retention is by a bipartite dynamic mechanism involving slow efflux and rapid internalization. To establish that the dynamic model developed in studies of the extreme conditions of >100 nM insulin and no insulin, also describe GLUT4 behavior at more physiological insulin concentrations, we characterized GLUT4 trafficking in 0.5 nM insulin. This sub maximal insulin concentration promotes an intermediate effect on both GLUT4 exocytosis and endocytosis, resulting in an intermediate degree of redistribution to the plasma membrane. These data establish that changes in the steady-state surface-to-total distributions of GLUT4 are the result of gradated, insulin-induced changes in GLUT4 exocytosis and endocytosis rate.
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M505944200
Submitted on June 1, 2005
Accepted on November 2, 2005
GLUT4 distribution between the plasma membrane and the intracellular compartments is maintained by an insulin-modulated bipartite dynamic mechanism
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